OTHER WILDLIFE

Curlew, golden plover and lapwing all bred in good numbers on the moor through the 1990s but appear to have declined after the gamekeeping stopped in 1998.

Abundance of three wader species on Langholm survey transects since 1992. Transects are based on standard British Trust for Ornithology methods.

Meadow pipit numbers, although generally related to the nature of the habitat (they favour grass dominated moor), have shown large changes in number which suggest they were reduced by the hen harriers when they were at their peak.

Field vole numbers, like elsewhere, fluctuate every 3 to 4 years.